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REAL ESTATE
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Deep Green Design
Issue 33 - August 07
Creating buildings that integrate seamlessly and benignly into their local environment could pave the way for a sustainable future.
Two statistics demonstrate the impact that building design in Asia can have in the global effort to achieve environmental sustainability. Globally, buildings are
estimated to account for 30 percent of energy usage and carbon emissions. At the same time, more than half of the world’s new construction is taking place in Asia. Clearly there is a huge opportunity for the industries that make up the built environment to put the right foot forward.
The question that seems to be on everybody’s lips is: “Who will take responsibility for driving this change?” Is it the developers and building owners who should take
the lead, the clients and consumers who should drive the demand, or the governments who should legislate? However, designers and architects are emerging as the leaders, mainly because they are the initial creators of the buildings we use. Increasinly it appears that without their vision and expertise, even the will to change cannot create an environmentally sound building.
integrating with nature
Dr Ken Yeang, principal of Llewelyn Davies Yeang (UK) and author of numerous books on ecodesign, has long championed the concept of environmental integration through architecture. He believes that design must begin by looking at nature and imitating its properties and processes. Yeang points out how nature’s systems re-use and recycle all waste, and says that “our built environment can and should imitate ecosystems.”
This process of ecodesign, says Yeang, “is designing the built environment as a system within the natural environment.” Following this, good eco-design is that which maximises interaction between the natural (organic) and artificial (inorganic). This is the guiding precept behind Yeang’s approach, which uses a number of architectural strategies to blend and enhance this connection, connecting the outside environment with the very structure of the building.
misperception
This approach should not be confused with the common concept of ecodesign as a technological endeavour, says Yeang. He believes strongly that “we must not be
misled by the popular perception that if we assemble enough eco-gadgetry we will instantaneously have an ecological architecture.” Instead, he states, the built
environment should be balanced by “incorporating greater levels of bio-mass, ameliorating bio-diversity and ecological connectivity”.
zero-energy
Another approach that is essential in ecodesign is zero-carbon design. While this concept has often been regarded as impractical, one Indian architectural
collective is offering a uniquely Asian approach that is pushing the boundaries of zero-carbon. Manit Rastogi, Principal, Morphogenesis, says that design should
take sustainability in all its forms, be it environmental, social, cultural or economic. He points out that nature itself gives us much that we re-create artificially. When
looking at designing, he says, “you’ve got light that’s free, wind that’s free, climatic conditions that can be used. The question is: How much do we need to moderate it and how can we moderate it? That’s the starting point for zero energy buildings. We build it bottom up from there.”
Rastogi believes that traditional Asian architecture holds the key, pointing to an evolution driven by a lack of resources to use natural, low-cost solutions.
The heart of his design approach goes back to these methods, “looking at how they dealt with that development, learning the principles, then using modern
computational techniques and methods to analyse for current demands”.
If a truly global change is to happen, says Rastogi, the global design community must completely re-invent how buildings are created. “The problem of architecture
today,” he says, “is that it’s such a highly competitive field that even practices within themselves are not collaborative.” Over the past few years, Rastogi has
traveled throughout Asia and abroad, demonstrating successful examples of his architectural approach.
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a practical solution
Many in the industry are skeptical when it comes to the ‘quick-fix solution’ that zeroenergy design would appear to offer at first glimpse. Jeff Kaeonil, Director of Design, HoK says: “while it works very well on small scale projects, whether it works well on larger buildings remains to be seen”. Instead, HoK work towards sustainability through their commitment to more widely accepted standards such as LEED and HK-BEAM.
There has been a shift in perception over the past few years, notes Kaeonil, pointing out that “there has been a big change in how the developers we work with approach environmental issues.” This is clearly a positive sign, although as with any commercial or corporate driven initiative, he says, “at the end of the day, we are all at the mercy of market forces.”

a green future
“Architects are in a unique position to affect the sustainability of buildings”, Kaeonil
reminds us. While the approaches espoused by architects such as Yeang and Rastogi yield highly innovative designs, he adds, social and economic concerns often impede the development of truly green buildings. Overall, he believes that a middle course will prevail, noting the fact that the industries of the built environment must, as a whole, embrace change. As the practical aspects of real estate development grapple with the creative genius of environmentally friendly design, Kaeonil concludes that “the future is a mix of the pragmatic and the visionary”.
Zero-Energy Case study: Jaipur Fashion Academy
Situated in a near desert environment that sees temperatures ranging from 22˚C to 45˚C, the Jaipur Fashion Academy campus had to be created and operated on an extremely tight budget for both construction and operation, says Rastogi.
Designed with this in mind, the base of the building was raised from the ground to allow for natural ventilation, while a false façade and buffer zone were used to control heat gain along with other architectural methods to facilitate natural lighting, Rastogi reveals.
Another innovative design feature was the use of evaporative cooling. The building was designed so that rain and treated waste water drain down the mesh facade to form pools in the sunken basement. As wind blows through the façade and is funnelled into the basement, the water acts as a coolant, so the wind cools the building.
The final design allows for ambient temperatures from 22 to 28˚C, removing the need for artificial air- conditioning for most of the year. In order to avoid the humidity during the hot and humid summer months, the academy rescheduled its academic year so that faculty and students would be on holiday for the two months when this is most prevalent.
How to design a green building: a few tips for the budding eco-architect.

1. Master plan: The site layout and planning should minimise or improve the
surrounding ecological environment. For example, create “eco-bridges” or “ecocorridors”, green connectors to increase linkages between neighbouring ecosystems where the buildings and infrastructure disrupts the ecology of the site.
2. Site Characteristics: In-depth investigation should be done to ascertain the
sites’ environmental aspects. The varying effects of sunlight, temperature, wind
and water and how they change throughout the year should be analysed and
measured.
3. Design for re-use, re-cycling and reduction of waste: The building should
be created to maximise the use of the natural resources and reduce energy
requirements. For example methods to stimulate natural ventilation, increase
natural lighting and minimise heat transfer should be used.
4. Operation: All those nifty environmental aspects to your design will be
useless if they are not operated and maintained properly. It is imperative that
the building system operators and facility managers are not overlooked. For
maximum impact, consult with these parties before finalising the design.
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ISSN 1994-9464
Key title: RFP magazine
Abbreviated key title: RFP mag.
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